Copy the firefox icon file.
cp /usr/share/applications/firefox.desktop \
/usr/share/applications/firefox-dev.desktop
In the new file edit 4 lines, using the full path for the executable and icon. The icon shown below is a blue colored version of the firefox icon.
[Desktop Entry]
...
Exec=/opt/firefox-dev/firefox
Icon=/opt/firefox-dev/browser/chrome/icons/default/default128.png
...
[Desktop Action new-window]
...
Exec=/opt/firefox-dev/firefox -new-window
...
[Desktop Action new-private-window]
...
Exec=/opt/firefox-dev/firefox -private-window
Then follow the instructions here to put the new icon file in the gnome registry.
sudo apt install dconf-editor
dconf-editor
Navigate to org.gnome.shell favorite-apps and add in your new icon
[ ..., 'firefox.desktop', 'firefox-dev.desktop', ... ]
It may necessary to log out and log back in before using the icon.
--class SomeClassandStartupWMClass=SomeClass)? If only the first, then the icons will be distinct, but with the standard image. Also, the stringSomeClassmust be the same in both changes. If the strings are different then icons will be with the standard image. – grisfer Jul 13 '18 at 11:25--classoption – Jellicle Nov 30 '18 at 20:31