< IT Security < Objectives

IT Security/Objectives/Security Operations

4.1 Given a scenario, apply common security techniques to computing resources.

Secure baselines
- Establish
- Deploy
- Maintain
Hardening targets
- Mobile devices
- Workstations
- Switches
- Routers
- Cloud infrastructure
- Servers
- ICS/SCADA
- Embedded systems
- RTOS
- IoT devices
Wireless devices
- Installation considerations
  - Site surveys
  - Heat maps

Mobile solutions
- Mobile device management (MDM)
- Deployment models
  - Bring your own device (BYOD)
  - Corporate-owned, personally enabled (COPE)
  - Choose your own device (CYOD)
- Connection methods
  - Cellular
  - Wi-Fi
  - Bluetooth
Wireless security settings
- Wi-Fi Protected Access 3 (WPA3)
- AAA/Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS)
- Cryptographic protocols
- Authentication protocols
Application security
- Input validation
- Secure cookies
- Static code analysis
- Code signing
Sandboxing
Monitoring

4.2 Explain the security implications of proper hardware, software, and data asset management.

Acquisition/procurement process
Assignment/accounting
- Ownership
- Classification
Monitoring/asset tracking
- Inventory
- Enumeration

Disposal/decommissioning
- Sanitization
- Destruction
- Certification
- Data retention

4.3 Explain various activities associated with vulnerability management.

Identification methods
- Vulnerability scan
- Application security
  - Static analysis
  - Dynamic analysis
  - Package monitoring
- Threat feed
  - Open-source intelligence (OSINT)
  - Proprietary/third-party
  - Information-sharing organization
  - Dark web
- Penetration testing
- Responsible disclosure program
  - Bug bounty program
- System/process audit

Analysis
- Confirmation
  - False positive
  - False negative
- Prioritize
- Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS)
- Common Vulnerability Enumeration (CVE)
- Vulnerability classification
- Exposure factor
- Environmental variables
- Industry/organizational impact
- Risk tolerance
Vulnerability response and remediation
- Patching
- Insurance
- Segmentation
- Compensating controls
- Exceptions and exemptions
Validation of remediation
- Rescanning
- Audit
- Verification
Reporting

4.4 Explain security alerting and monitoring concepts and tools.

Monitoring computing resources
- Systems
- Applications
- Infrastructure
Activities
- Log aggregation
- Alerting
- Scanning
- Reporting
- Archiving
- Alert response and remediation/validation
  - Quarantine
  - Alert tuning

Tools
- Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP)
- Benchmarks
- Agents/agentless
- Security information and event management (SIEM)
- Antivirus
- Data loss prevention (DLP)
- Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) traps
- NetFlow
- Vulnerability scanners

4.5 Given a scenario, modify enterprise capabilities to enhance security.

Firewall
- Rules
- Access lists
- Ports/protocols
- Screened subnets
IDS/IPS
- Trends
- Signatures
Web filter
- Agent-based
- Centralized proxy
- Universal Resource Locator (URL) scanning
- Content categorization
- Block rules
- Reputation
Operating system security
- Group Policy
- SELinux

Implementation of secure protocols
- Protocol selection
- Port selection
- Transport method
DNS filtering
Email security
- Domain-based Message Authentication Reporting and Conformance (DMARC)
- DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM)
- Sender Policy Framework (SPF)
- Gateway
File integrity monitoring
DLP
Network access control (NAC)
Endpoint detection and response (EDR)/extended detection and response (XDR)
User behavior analytics

4.6 Given a scenario, implement and maintain identity and access management.

Provisioning/de-provisioning user accounts
Permission assignments and implications
Identity proofing
Federation
Single sign-on (SSO)
- Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)
- Open authorization (OAuth)
- Security Assertions Markup Language (SAML)
Interoperability
Attestation
Access controls
- Mandatory
- Discretionary
- Role-based
- Rule-based
- Attribute-based
- Time-of-day restrictions
- Least privilege

Multifactor authentication
- Implementations
  - Biometrics
  - Hard/soft authentication tokens
  - Security keys
- Factors
  - Something you know
  - Something you have
  - Something you are
  - Somewhere you are
Password concepts
- Password best practices
  - Length
  - Complexity
  - Reuse
  - Expiration
  - Age
- Password managers
- Passwordless
Privileged access management tools
- Just-in-time permissions
- Password vaulting
- Ephemeral credentials

4.7 Explain the importance of automation and orchestration related to secure operations.

Use cases of automation and scripting
- User provisioning
- Resource provisioning
- Guard rails
- Security groups
- Ticket creation
- Escalation
- Enabling/disabling services and access
- Continuous integration and testing
- Integrations and Application programming interfaces (APIs)

Benefits
- Efficiency/time saving
- Enforcing baselines
- Standard infrastructure configurations
- Scaling in a secure manner
- Employee retention
- Reaction time
- Workforce multiplier
Other considerations
- Complexity
- Cost
- Single point of failure
- Technical debt
- Ongoing supportability

4.8 Explain appropriate incident response activities.

Process
- Preparation
- Detection
- Analysis
- Containment
- Eradication
- Recovery
- Lessons learned
Training
Testing
- Tabletop exercise
- Simulation

Root cause analysis
Threat hunting
Digital forensics
- Legal hold
- Chain of custody
- Acquisition
- Reporting
- Preservation
- E-discovery

4.9 Given a scenario, use data sources to support an investigation

Log data
- Firewall logs
- Application logs
- Endpoint logs
- OS-specific security logs
- IPS/IDS logs
- Network logs
- Metadata

Data sources
- Vulnerability scans
- Automated reports
- Dashboards
- Packet captures

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