Internet Protocol Analysis/Transport Layer/Quiz

The transport layer provides

.

The transport layer provides services such as

.

The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is used for

transmissions. The User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is used for

transmissions.

Many of the services attributed to the transport layer are specific to

and do not apply to

. These include connections, byte oriented data streams, sequencing, reliability, flow control, and congestion avoidance.

Transport layer protocols include source and destination

to identify process-to-process communication. Sessions are identified using

.

TCP packets are referred to as

. UDP packets are referred to as

.

UDP has no

, and thus exposes any unreliability of the underlying network protocol to the user's program.

UDP provides

for data integrity, and

for addressing different functions at the source and destination of the datagram.

UDP is

, with

delay, and works well in unidirectional (broadcast / multicast) communication.

The UDP header includes fields for:

.

TCP is

.

UDP is

.

UDP provides a datagram service that emphasizes

over TCP

. TCP is optimized for

rather than

.

TCP is a

delivery service that

.

The TCP header includes fields for:

.

TCP protocol operations are divided into three phases:

.

TCP connection establishment is performed through

.

TCP connection termination is performed through

.

TCP achieves reliable transmission by using

.

TCP performs error detection through

.

TCP uses a sliding window flow control process in which

.

TCP achieves congestion control through

.

TCP and UDP port numbers range from

.

The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority has divided TCP and UDP port numbers into three ranges. Port numbers

are used for common, well-known services. Port numbers

are registered ports used for IANA-registered services. Ports

are dynamic ports that can be used for any purpose.

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