The word nouveau in the picture of the screen makes me think it is an issue with the graphics driver. Nouveau is the name of the free linux driver for nvidia graphics.
Boot option nomodeset
Try with the boot option nomodeset
to make Ubuntu work with nvidia graphics.
See these links and links from them for more details how to add a boot option,
A post at the Ubuntu Forums: 'Boot options'
My reply to a question at AskUbuntu: 'RAM drive' -- replace toram
with nomodeset
Depending on the graphics card/chip model,
maybe it will work well enough,
maybe it will work, but you need [to install] a proprietary driver for the graphics to work really well. In this case you can start by searching the internet with the search string (without quotes) 'ubuntu 16.04 nvidia proprietary driver', and if it does not help you solve the problem, you can ask a separate question about it.
nomodeset
according to this link, http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2230389&p=13370808#post13370808 – sudodus Feb 01 '18 at 11:27