I just bought a new barebone (this one) and added a 250 Gig SSD + 8 GB RAM. (The point is that the hardware is entirely new).
I installed Ubuntu (and after that OpenElec just to compare and I am having exactly the same problem). When I have the Live-Stick plugged in, I can boot the live version from it as well as install from it, when I boot the PC and the stick is plugged in, I can see its boot selection.
Now after I have installed Ubuntu (or OpenElec) and I am trying to boot from the disk all I get is a black screen for 5 seconds and then my PC switches to the EFI config screen.
I can boot the live version and check my SSD, I can see there are 2 partitions and one is EXT4 and one is EFI, so the disk can be seen at there is a bootable partition.
However, it appears to me that my EFI Bios does not recognize the SSD. Because I have an option in my EFI that says "Write secure keys to disk" and when I try to do this, it says there is no file system for that.
I have used boot info
to create a report: http://paste.ubuntu.com/p/nwD3p6GMF9/
Now I am all out of ideas why my PC does not seem to recognize or boot Ubuntu.
Edit: As to the duplicate question flag: This is a different question. The anwser might also bei reEFInd, but the problem is different. Also it turned out I needed to flash my BIOS, which did not work well with my SSD.