Where are the files of my installed programs located? I would like to collect all of them in one "install" folder so that I can reinstall them any time I want, just as I can do in Windows.
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Debs and Snaps already store downloaded packages in a local cache. Creating your own is not necessary; simply use the local cache already there. If you move the packages out of the cache, the package manager might not be able to locate them easily. – user535733 Sep 24 '18 at 17:48
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Most Linux systems use packages which are managed by the system using a package manager tool like apt
You can get a list of all packages installed by running this command:
apt list --installed
This may list out a lot of packages, including libraries and stuff. You can try this command instead to list out packages you probably installed yourself:
apt-mark showmanual
Then anytime you want to re-install those packages you can take the list of packages and run a command like this:
sudo apt install $(cat my_packages.txt)

Kristopher Ives
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1you might want to add how to end up with the my_packages.txt file....
apt-mark showmanual >> my_packages.txt
– Joshua Besneatte Sep 24 '18 at 18:36