I perceive this question as being slightly different from the alleged duplicate post, and since I encountered (and solved) exactly this issue yesterday, but not the issue described in the previous post, I will share my findings here. The warning that the NTFS drive was possibly damaged was disturbing but irrelevant. I found layers of issues, where fixing one problem revealed the next problem.
The key issue is that Ubuntu needs an AHCI SATA controller, which was not the default, and the laptop was configured at the factory to use a RAID SATA controller.
I have a Dell XPS 15 (9570) that I am installing Ubuntu on as a dual boot with Windows 10. These instructions were correct and complete. I thought that I would skip steps 2-4 and just change the SATA controller from RAID to AHCI in the BIOS without going into Windows Safe Mode - that was a mistake. Below I have paraphrased the steps that I followed from the reference I provided, which you will have to adapt if you do not have a Dell XPS 15:
- Start Windows 10.
- Press the Windows key and paste ‘Change advanced Startup Options’.
- Click ‘Restart Now’- your computer will switch a blue screen with
some options.
- Click Troubleshoot -> Startup Settings -> Restart — This will restart your computer.
- When you see the Dell logo appear start pressing F2 repeatedly until you get into the Dell BIOS Settings.
- Once you see the BIOS menu, go to System Configuration -> SATA Operation and change it from ‘Raid On’ to ‘AHCI’
- Click Exit and Save. Your computer will reboot again.
I did not encounter any BitLocker issues, even though the NTFS partition was encrypted with BitLocker. The rest of the article I reference discussed the additional instructions necessary complete the Ubuntu installation - but I did not follow those instructions since I did not encounter video stability issues. I did find that my mouse stopped after 10 seconds, but after installing XFCE4 and switching to XFCE windows manager that went away. I prefer XFCE4 anyway.