Determine if the device is being recognised
First you need to determine whether the OS can even see the wifi adapter. If you can't find it using either the PCI(e) method or the USB method (depending which it is) then I think your problem is more likely hardware related. Devices will show up in lsusb
and lspci
even if there are no drivers installed for them.
A helpful read, which probably explains this better than me in the Ubuntu Help here: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WifiDocs/WirelessCardsSupported
PCI(e)
If your wireless adapter is built into the motherboard or it's a PCI(e) card, use lspci
in a terminal to list all the PCI devices detected by the system. Does it show up? (look for key words like 'Wireless Controller'
For example, for me, I have this appear in my list.
3b:00.0 Network controller: Qualcomm Atheros QCA6174 802.11ac Wireless Network Adapter (rev 32)
USB
If it's a USB wireless adapter, instead use lsusb -v | grep -E '\<(Bus|iProduct|bDeviceClass|bDeviceProtocol)' 2>/dev/null
and search the list again looking for similar clues. I don't have a USB wireless adapter on hand but this is an example of my bluetooth adapter from the list.
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0cf3:e300 Atheros Communications, Inc.
bDeviceClass 224 Wireless
bDeviceProtocol 1 Bluetooth
iProduct 0
Install drivers
If the device is recognised, then we really need to know the vendor/manufacturer and model to assist further. However you can also try checking its compatibility with Ubuntu if it is in the table in the above link, or see if it's one of the adapters listed here on the Arch wiki under the Troubleshooting section. That has info on how to get various troublesome adapters working.
Hopefully that gets you pointed in the right direction!
Missing/Broken Hardware
From the output of the wireless script you posted, I can't see a wireless card anywhere in there so it's most likely either the card has died or malfunctioned or it's not plugged in correctly. Try unplugging/replugging it back in again and see if that makes a difference. If not I think you're going to need a new wireless card.