Issues installing python 3.7 and its packages

Question

What I would love from this question is advice please on

• best way to install python 3.7 as the default python
• best way to install packages

I'm very new to the command line. I'm in the middle of a Data Science boot camp and trying out some things on Ubuntu, however, many of the commands we're learning don't seem to be installed (including the installer...).

e.g. python

iboopedu@CODE1026:/mnt/c/Users/shane$ python

Command 'python' not found, but can be installed with:

sudo apt install python3
sudo apt install python
sudo apt install python-minimal

You also have python3 installed, you can run 'python3' instead.

e.g. pip

iboopedu@CODE1026:/mnt/c/Users/shane$ pip install python

Command 'pip' not found, but can be installed with:

sudo apt install python-pip

iboopedu@CODE1026:/mnt/c/Users/shane$ sudo apt install python-pip
[sudo] password for iboopedu:
Sorry, try again.
[sudo] password for iboopedu:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package python-pip

e.g. virtualenv

iboopedu@CODE1026:/mnt/c/Users/shane$ virtualenv test

Command 'virtualenv' not found, but can be installed with:

sudo apt install virtualenv

iboopedu@CODE1026:/mnt/c/Users/shane$ sudo apt install virtualenv
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package virtualenv

Troubleshooting

I also use a Mac, and on Terminal and all of the above commands work fine without any special set-up or install, running python from Anaconda.

Given this, I've attempted to replicate running python from Anaconda on Ubuntu.

I've tried the following without success:

1. Changed PATH manually to include Anaconda's python.exe

iboopedu@CODE1026:/mnt/c/Users/shane/Documents$ echo $PATH
/mnt/c/Users/shane:/mnt/c/Users/shane/Anaconda3/Library/bin:/mnt/c/Users/shane/Anaconda3/Scripts:/mnt/c/Users/shane/Anaconda3:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/mnt/c/Program Files/WindowsApps/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_1804.2018.817.0_x64__79rhkp1fndgsc:/mnt/c/Windows/System32:/mnt/c/Windows:/mnt/c/Windows/System32/wbem:/mnt/c/Windows/System32/WindowsPowerShell/v1.0:/mnt/c/Program Files (x86)/Windows Live/Shared:/mnt/c/Windows/System32:/mnt/c/Windows:/mnt/c/Windows/System32/wbem:/mnt/c/Windows/System32/WindowsPowerShell/v1.0:/mnt/c/Program Files (x86)/GNU/GnuPG/pub:/mnt/c/Windows/System32:/mnt/c/Windows:/mnt/c/Windows/System32/wbem:/mnt/c/Windows/System32/WindowsPowerShell/v1.0:/mnt/c/Windows/System32/OpenSSH:/mnt/c/Program Files (x86)/NVIDIA Corporation/PhysX/Common:/mnt/c/Program Files/NVIDIA Corporation/NVIDIA NvDLISR:/mnt/c/Users/shane/AppData/Local/Microsoft/WindowsApps:/mnt/c/Users/shane/AppData/Local/Programs/Microsoft VS Code/bin:/snap/bin

2. Reinstalled Anaconda with install option to auto add Anaconda to PATH

iboopedu@CODE1026:/mnt/c/Users/shane$ echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/mnt/c/Program Files/WindowsApps/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_1804.2018.817.0_x64__79rhkp1fndgsc:/mnt/c/Windows/System32:/mnt/c/Windows:/mnt/c/Windows/System32/wbem:/mnt/c/Windows/System32/WindowsPowerShell/v1.0:/mnt/c/Program Files (x86)/Windows Live/Shared:/mnt/c/Windows/System32:/mnt/c/Windows:/mnt/c/Windows/System32/wbem:/mnt/c/Windows/System32/WindowsPowerShell/v1.0:/mnt/c/Program Files (x86)/GNU/GnuPG/pub:/mnt/c/Windows/System32:/mnt/c/Windows:/mnt/c/Windows/System32/wbem:/mnt/c/Windows/System32/WindowsPowerShell/v1.0:/mnt/c/Windows/System32/OpenSSH:/mnt/c/Program Files (x86)/NVIDIA Corporation/PhysX/Common:/mnt/c/Program Files/NVIDIA Corporation/NVIDIA NvDLISR:/mnt/c/Users/shane/Anaconda3:/mnt/c/Users/shane/Anaconda3/Library/mingw-w64/bin:/mnt/c/Users/shane/Anaconda3/Library/bin:/mnt/c/Users/shane/Anaconda3/Scripts:/mnt/c/Users/shane/AppData/Local/Microsoft/WindowsApps:/mnt/c/Users/shane/AppData/Local/Programs/Microsoft VS Code/bin:/snap/bin

That's where I am, hopefully someone can help! Thanks in advance.