I seem to have the same problem as Robin, and I have indeed had an nvidia driver installed. The last things I did were "apt get update" and "apt get upgrade". I'm able to login to recovery mode (as described here), but can't perform either step proposed by Robin because I don't seem to have internet access in recovery mode (I get "Could not resolve 'us.archive.ubuntu.com'). I was trying to reinstall the driver using the instructions here.
I have the following kernel options (each with recovery mode):
- 4.15.0-55-generic
- 4.15.0-54-generic
- 4.15.0-52-generic
but none works (they give the various error messages cited by Robin).
I'm also not able to find my downloaded driver or the instructions I used to install it since I can't access my home directory in recovery mode. There is a message in a README.txt file "THIS DIRECTORY HAS BEEN UNMOUNTED TO PROTECT YOUR DATA." and directing me to run ecryptfs-mount-private from the command line. I am able to run that without error after su-ing into my user (as recommended here) but my home folder is still not available.
I also saw this post, but don't have dkms installed either.
Any help would be greatly appreciated!