My OS is Ubuntu 16.04. I have added a new 10TB HDD to my system. I used GParted to format it, but it only formats 1.2TB, leaving the rest unusable. I want to keep the drive unpartitioned (having just a single partition).
I also named the drive, and the name got changed to using ALL CAPS, i.e. Name was changed to NAME. I never had this problem with any of my other formatted drives.
Which format should I use? I want to avoid using any formats that support root ownership.
You have to use GPT, since the (old) MBR has a limit of 2 TiB.
Open GParted → Device → Create Partition Table... → Advanced and choose gpt, not the default msdos (MBR) partitioning.
Screenshots from How can I check and change the partition table type?
If you plan to install Ubuntu, it is suggested that you use the ext4 format. With ext4 you can set your own ownership and permissions. With any Windows format the default owner is root, but you can still use it as a non-root user. Unless using Windows, try not to use Windows formats. FAT32 cannot have any file over 4GB and NTFS needs regular maintenance from Windows, chkdsk, defrag, etc.
If your ext4 partition ends up owned by root, you can run the following command to change its owner:
sudo chown [username]:[username] '[path_to_mounted_partition]'
where [username] is the username of the user you want to be the owner and [path_to_mounted_partition] is the absolute path to the mounted partition for which you want to change the owner.
For example, if your username is scott and your partition is mounted under /media/scott/mynewdrive, the command you need to run is:
sudo chown scott:scott '/media/scott/mynewdrive'
The answer was derived from the comments of oldfred and Organic Marble.