Rhythmbox 2.96 doesn't run any midi file on Ubuntu 12.04, even after installing GStreamer and Ubuntu Restricted Extras.
Rhythmbox-Message: Missing plugin: gstreamer|0.10|rhythmbox-metadata|audio/midi decoder|decoder-audio/midi
[0xb5504e40] main decoder error: no suitable decoder module for fourcc `MIDI'. VLC probably does not support this sound or video format.

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run the file in terminal and post the output of the error – Ashu Apr 30 '12 at 18:36
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@Ashu: Rhythmbox-Message: Missing plugin: gstreamer|0.10|rhythmbox-metadata|audio/midi decoder|decoder-audio/midi – Mahmoud May 02 '12 at 17:07
3 Answers
You can play midi with VLC. Just install vlc-plugin-fluidsynth
sudo apt install vlc-plugin-fluidsynth

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Usually audio-players do not support playing midi file, that strictly speaking are not audio files.
You can play midi file through a MIDI software synthesizer, like Timidity or Fluidsynth.
In the Rhythmbox FAQ you find the following question:
Can I use MIDI files with Rhythmbox?
Rhythmbox uses the GStreamer media framework for actual playback and a lot of other functionality, so in general Rhythmbox plays exactly those formats that are supported by GStreamer. GStreamer, on the other hand, uses a plugin system where each format is supported by a plugin. Thus, the formats supported by GStreamer (and Rhythmbox) depends on which plugins you have installed. Different distributions may ship with a different set of plugins by default.
To look for plug-ins, go to http://gstreamer.freedesktop.org/documentation/ . The Wildmidi plugin works fine with rhythmbox.
so if you still want to use Rhythmbox for midi files, take a look at the mentioned Wildmidi project.
Install Gstreammer 0.10
Open your Terminal, copy and paste:
sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg gstreamer0.10-fluendo-mp3 gstreamer0.10-gnonlin gstreamer0.10-sdl gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad-multiverse gstreamer0.10-schroedinger gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly totem-plugins-extra
sudo apt-get install gstreamer-dbus-media-service gstreamer-tools ubuntu-restricted-extras
that should do it
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"Rhythmbox-Message: Missing plugin: gstreamer|0.10|rhythmbox-metadata|audio/midi decoder|decoder-audio/midi" and **VLC outputs "[0xb5504e40] main decoder error: no suitable decoder module for fourcc `MIDI'. VLC probably does not support this sound or video format. " – Mahmoud May 02 '12 at 20:29
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1MIDI is not a proprietary format, so ubuntu-restricted extras and gstreamer doesn't help. – rubo77 May 03 '14 at 11:45