I am having this exact problem, and have been for longer than 11 days; thus I haven't noticed your thread until now. :) My system only crashes after using Godot engine for a random period of time.
So, for those who hate chasing things:
Here is an extremely-easy-to-do walkthrough of how to add nomodeset to your boot parameters, along with an explanation of why that's a bad idea to do all the time. (Short version: nomodeset just turns off your video drivers entirely. Great for getting in to your system to download & install the right drivers; lousy for regular use where you wanna have 2 monitors &c.)
As per the suggestion above I will try to download the proprietary version of the drivers, although...it was supposed to ship with stable ones to begin with!
Edit: Following this guide, I tried the PPA third-party repository. They don't work, either.
If I plug my monitors into my motherboard, things work okay, but...I don't get to use my video card. :( Things aren't as fast as they ought to be, &c.
I cannot figure this problem out. It makes me sad.