I was facing this same issue on Ubuntu 20.04.
I was able increase the mouse speed using the following process
user@ubuntu-20.04:~$ xinput --list | grep pointer | grep Ducky
⎜ ↳ Ducky Ducky One2 Mini RGB id=29 [slave pointer (2)]
where "Ducky" is the brand name of the device whose input speed needed to be changed. Note that the id of the device is 29.
user@ubuntu-20.04:~$ xinput --list-props 29 | grep "Coordinate Transformation Matrix"
Coordinate Transformation Matrix (188): 1.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 1.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 1.000000
We learn from above that the prop ID of the Coordinate Transformation matrix is 188
user@ubuntu-20.04:~$ xinput --set-prop 29 188 a b c d e f g h i
Where each variable above constructs a matrix as shown below
[[a b c]
[d e f]
[g h i]]
To increase my pointer speed to double its current speed, I used the following matrix
[[2 0 0]
[0 2 0]
[0 0 1]]
This does speed up the pointer but comes with the drawback that the pointer is "skipping" pixels. It can also cause issues with cursor jumping with applications that take control of the cursor.
To alleviate these issues you will have to look at using an Affine Transformation Matrix (See https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/2954781/calculating-the-translation-of-an-affine-matrix-so-that-it-centres-during-scalin)