aptitude
Aptitude shows its progress by text - in percents when you use it from terminal by for example
$ sudo aptitude install octave
...
51% [111 libjaxb-java 619 kB/1 965 kB 31%] > ...
In TUI interactive mode (i.e. started by sudo aptitude
) it has progress bar labeled Total Progress when it downloads and installs things, this means after selecting packages to install/remove and then pressing <g>
, <g>
as shown on image:

If you need more - write feature request to developer.
apt-get
To track progress apt-get
you can use special option named --show-progress
. See it in action below:

apt
The apt
already has Progress bar with percents on the bottom of the screen:

Manuals to read: