I had the same problem. Do you see the line where it says:
comparing device lists: expected ['/dev/sdb2', '/dev/sdb2'] found: ['/dev/sdb2', 'dev/sda2']
That's a huge WTF right there, as it's apparently looking for sdb2 twice rather than sdb2 and sda2. This is definitely a problem with the installer.
I found a simple and effective workaround. What you do is you just create the raid array as --level=1 -n 2 so you essence have a mirror with no mirror. Then you build your lvm vg on top of that, and the installer is fine with it. When you're done, and the system boots, you add the second partition (on the other disk) to the md and now you're fine.
It's a problem with the installer, I couldn't find any other workaround. It's still present in 22.04.2 by the way.