What you did, and what caused this, remains unclear. You can restore the desktop as following:
Delete the invalid symbolic links "Downloads", "Area de Trabalho" (which, I guess, corresponds to "Desktop" in an English setup), "Modelos" ("Templates") and "Publico" ("Public"). Try with the file manager first. If you cannot delete because the permissions are wrong, the delete using sudo
in the terminal.
Recreate the folders "Area de Trabalho", "Modelos" and "Publico".
Open the file `~/.config/user-dirs.dirs" with a text editor.
Correct the entries for the special folders so they point to the existing folder, e.g.
XDG_DESKTOP_DIR="$HOME/Area de Trabalho"
XDG_DOWNLOAD_DIR="$HOME/Downloads"
...
Log out then log back in: you should again have normally functioning special folders, represented in the file manager with an emblem in the folder icon.