I am not sure what exactly is the name of this supplemental text that pops up whenever I am using the terminal, but it shows up when I am running commands. Previously it was not there. I made some modifications to PS1 in my .bashrc recently which may have caused it, but I have reverted .bashrc from the file in /etc/skel and the issue is still there. The effect is something like this.
user@daniel-acer-ubuntu:~$ ls
+ ls --color=auto
Desktop Documents Downloads
user@daniel-acer-ubuntu:~$ cd
+ cd
EDIT: Restarting my computer fixed this -- but I would still be interested in learning what this supplemental text is and why it's there so I can debug my changes.