I have HDD disk with two NTFS partitions, which I created in Windows 10, but Ubuntu sees only one. Disks utility shows both partitions as one.
Disk model: ST2000DM008-2FR102
Windows 10 is on a different disk
sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/loop0: 73,9 MiB, 77492224 bytes, 151352 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop1: 4 KiB, 4096 bytes, 8 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop2: 240,51 MiB, 252190720 bytes, 492560 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop3: 97,71 MiB, 102453248 bytes, 200104 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop4: 11,2 MiB, 11747328 bytes, 22944 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop5: 496,98 MiB, 521121792 bytes, 1017816 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop6: 91,69 MiB, 96141312 bytes, 187776 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop7: 10,52 MiB, 11026432 bytes, 21536 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/sda: 1,82 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors
Disk model: ST2000DM008-2FR1
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 4C943EA5-B9A8-45A4-A513-8177075DD757
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sda1 34 2081 2048 1M Microsoft LDM metadata
/dev/sda2 2082 32767 30686 15M Microsoft reserved
/dev/sda3 32768 3907029134 3906996367 1,8T Microsoft LDM data
Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.
Partition 2 does not start on physical sector boundary.
Disk /dev/sdb: 223,57 GiB, 240056327680 bytes, 468860015 sectors
Disk model: KINGSTON SA400S3
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: A0719CCE-0ECA-49F7-8B14-BEB2C372533A
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sdb1 2048 206847 204800 100M EFI System
/dev/sdb2 206848 239615 32768 16M Microsoft reserved
/dev/sdb3 239616 365398015 365158400 174,1G Microsoft basic data
/dev/sdb4 467798016 468856831 1058816 517M Windows recovery environment
/dev/sdb5 365398016 467798015 102400000 48,8G Linux filesystem
Partition table entries are not in disk order.
Disk /dev/loop8: 40,86 MiB, 42840064 bytes, 83672 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop9: 452 KiB, 462848 bytes, 904 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
The Windows "Fast Boot" (Windows defaults to "ON") setting leaves the disk partition in an undocumented, proprietary state that Linux isn't permitted to recognize. Boot back into Windows and disable "Fast Boot". Be prepared to have to re-disable "Fast Boot" - Windows updates have been known to turn it back on. See https://www.windowscentral.com/how-disable-windows-10-fast-startup
– waltinator Feb 09 '24 at 14:29