Is there any long-form, if at all? Or is it just a tradition from the 80's?
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I've heard
- run commands
- resource control
- run control
- runtime configuration
Personally, I'd go with run control, because ESR says so.
http://www.catb.org/~esr/writings/taoup/html/ch10s03.html
His footnote says:
The ‘rc’ suffix goes back to Unix's grandparent, CTSS.
It had a command-script feature called "runcom". Early
Unixes used ‘rc’ for the name of the operating system's
boot script, as a tribute to CTSS runcom.
Wikipedia chooses "run commands" as the default long-form, but admits that context should determine word choice.
While not historically precise, rc may also be pronou-
nced as "run control", because an rc file controls how
a program runs. For instance, the editor Vim looks for
and reads the contents of the .vimrc file to determine
its initial configuration. The most sensible pronunci-
ation depends on the function of the file: to start
something up, or to control how something starts up.

djeikyb
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1ESR’s »runcom«, however, does not suggest »run control«, unless there is a rule for transoforming n to m that I don’t know about. – MPi Jan 27 '11 at 08:19
5
According to this source -- http://kb.iu.edu/data/abdr.html -- it means "run commands"

Vojtech Trefny
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See also here http://superuser.com/questions/144339/sayvimrcor-screenrc-what-does-the-rc-mean – Joril Jan 27 '11 at 07:56
.bashrc
, etc. mean? – Gilles 'SO- stop being evil' Dec 06 '13 at 12:34