As far as I know, there is no way booting another OS through terminal. Except, you mean something like virtual OS.
If so, you can download virtualbox through apt-get and then setting up the environment.
Or, I found a way to boot already installed one, but this tutorial only tested in Windows XP. I already tried it and it works (Win XP). Here, take a look.
Maybe, you can change the command as follow.
sudo apt-get install virtualbox
sudo VBoxManage internalcommands createrawvmdk -filename ./Win8.vmdk -rawdisk /dev/sda
sudo apt-get install mbr
sudo install-mbr --force myBootRecord.mbr
sudo VBoxManage internalcommands createrawvmdk -filename ./Win8-ready.vmdk -rawdisk /dev/sda -partitions 1 -mbr ./myBootRecord.mbr -relative
Then, start your virtualbox
$ gksudo virtualbox
Make new virtual OS.
Set Type:MsWindows; Version:Win8; blabla then Next.
Next again.
On 'HardDrive' part, select 'Use an Existing...', click browse icon.
Choose Win8-ready.vmdk on file browser.
Then, create.
Notice, all commands use super user authority.