I understand that there have been several fixes to this exact problem in the past, but I have tried them all and nothing has worked. The external speakers output sound just fine but the headphones do not. Interestingly enough, they do play a bit of static when I plug them in. That's about all that I can tell you except that I'm running Ubuntu 14.04 off of a flash drive (dual booting Windows) and I have a Dell machine.
I've tried the solutions listed here: Headphone jack not working?
and a few from other random sources around the internet. I've made sure to completely shut down my machine after each attempted fix. I made sure to unplug and replug the headphones after Ubuntu booted up.
Should I just try and update Ubuntu? I'm a bit new to Linux in general so I'm sorry for being such a noob. Any help is greatly appreciated. Thanks