Yesterday, when I was working with my Ubuntu 14.10 (x64) and wanted to save an attachment from an e-mail in Thunderbird, there was a dialog saying that the file could not be written to the /tmp directory. I tried googling that problem and also realized that I was not able to download files and save other things. So I rebooted my system and saw the following output on the screen:
I/O Error on device sdd2, logical block 5243414
...
I/O Error on device sdd2, logical block 5243423
critical medium error, dev sdd, sector 41949392
So obviously some sectors of my drive (Transcend StoreJet 25M3 USB 3) were destroyed just while working with it (the drive was not moved, no shock was applied to it), and those sectors were essential to boot the system, because the following Ubuntu loading screen never finished...
The disk utility failed to perform a self-test on the drive ("SELF-TEST FAILED" it says), and the "Read Error Rates" value in the SMART table is 13, so pretty much errors (all of them happened recently, because the last time I checked the table it was a zero value).
And I know that I should save my data and replace the drive, but I need it now and want to replace the lost data to get it working.
I already tried to recover the system with chrooting it and excecute apt-get upgrade, but it did not help. Also the detection of broken packages in recovery mode does not help.
How should I proceed?