The command apt-get source pulseaudio
will download the current source package files and extract them automatically for you. You will find the rules file in the debian
directory inside the newly created source directory named after the package, here is how that looks on my installation:
livewire@za20:~/Downloads$ apt-get source pulseaudio
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
NOTICE: 'pulseaudio' packaging is maintained in the 'Bzr' version control system at:
http://bazaar.launchpad.net/~ubuntu-audio-dev/pulseaudio/ubuntu
Please use:
bzr branch http://bazaar.launchpad.net/~ubuntu-audio-dev/pulseaudio/ubuntu
to retrieve the latest (possibly unreleased) updates to the package.
Need to get 1.468 kB of source archives.
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main pulseaudio 1:4.0-0ubuntu11 (dsc) [4.246 B]
Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main pulseaudio 1:4.0-0ubuntu11 (tar) [1.392 kB]
Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main pulseaudio 1:4.0-0ubuntu11 (diff) [71,8 kB]
Fetched 1.468 kB in 3s (455 kB/s)
gpgv: Signature made Fr 04 Apr 2014 09:40:46 CEST using RSA key ID 9B1A3456
gpgv: Can't check signature: public key not found
dpkg-source: warning: failed to verify signature on ./pulseaudio_4.0-0ubuntu11.dsc
dpkg-source: info: extracting pulseaudio in pulseaudio-4.0
dpkg-source: info: unpacking pulseaudio_4.0.orig.tar.xz
dpkg-source: info: unpacking pulseaudio_4.0-0ubuntu11.debian.tar.xz
dpkg-source: info: applying 0003-esd-honour-system-pulseaudio.patch
dpkg-source: info: applying 0005-dont-load-cork-music-on-phone.patch
dpkg-source: info: applying 0006-load-module-x11-bell.patch
dpkg-source: info: applying 0016-nodisplay-autostart.patch
dpkg-source: info: applying 0020-stream-Return-error-in-case-a-client-peeks-to-early.patch
dpkg-source: info: applying 0022-inotify-wrapper-Quit-daemon-if-pid-file-is-removed.patch
dpkg-source: info: applying 0023-fixing_snd_mixer_poll_descriptors_count_when_zero.patch
dpkg-source: info: applying 0101-alsa-ucm-Make-combination-ports-have-lower-priority.patch
dpkg-source: info: applying 0102-combine-Fix-crash-in-output-freeing.patch
dpkg-source: info: applying 0103-resampler-Fix-peaks-resampler-s-channel-handling.patch
dpkg-source: info: applying 0104-default-system.pa-Do-not-load-module-dbus-protocol.patch
dpkg-source: info: applying 0105-sink-source-Initialize-port-before-fixate-hook-fixes.patch
dpkg-source: info: applying 0106-module-switch-on-port-available-Don-t-switch-profile.patch
dpkg-source: info: applying 0201-ALSA-Add-extcon-Android-switch-jack-detection.patch
dpkg-source: info: applying 0202-dont-probe-ucm.patch
dpkg-source: info: applying 0203-card-Add-hook-before-profile-changes.patch
dpkg-source: info: applying 0204-Add-module-to-talk-to-the-Android-audio-hal-to-set-u.patch
dpkg-source: info: applying 0205-suspend-on-idle-ensure-we-still-time-out-if-a-stream-remains-corked.patch
livewire@za20:~/Downloads$ ll pulseaudio-4.0/debian/rules
-rwxrwxr-x 1 livewire livewire 3346 Apr 4 2014 pulseaudio-4.0/debian/rules*
So you can find the file in pulseaudio-4.0/debian/rules
the version number may be different depending on the Ubuntu release you are using.