You are trying to install the wrong version, possibly from a downloaded source. One of the first bad habits you have break coming from windows is downloading software.
I know how it can be to be used to downloading an .exe from where ever and running it to install but Ubuntu has a secure repository containing tens of thousands of apps preconfigured for your specific arch and version (no more downloaded viruses!).
To install gparted (or any software for that matter) you have a few choices.
First, you can do this via the command line line by executing the following two commands:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gparted
If you still get the same errors, run the following command:
sudo apt-get install gparted=0.18.0-1
or
sudo apt-get install --reinstall gparted=0.18.0-1
You should have the proper dependencies available for this version (0.18.0-1).
Also, to search for software via the command line you can execute the following commands:
apt-cache search gparted
To narrow the search results, use grep like so:
apt-cache search gparted | grep gparted
Next, use the ubuntu software center:
This method is probably the easiest, just search for software center on your dash, open the app, do a search, and if you see something you want to install, click install.
Finally, use the synaptic package manager:
To install:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install synaptic policykit-1
Then, to run synaptic, press ALT + F2, type:
synaptic-pkexec
and then press ENTER
Search for and select software. Click on apply to install selected applications.
You can even use synaptic to fix broken packages. Just open synaptic, select "fix broken packages" from the "Edit" menu, and then click "Apply". Note: always review changes before accepting to ensure you do not uninstall something you need to keep.
sudo apt-get clean && sudo apt-get -f install
– Carl H Apr 30 '15 at 12:52dpkg --configure -a
to make sure everything has been set up. – TheWanderer Apr 30 '15 at 13:16