It looks like your disk is badly damaged. Your partition table appears to be intact and is sensible, but Boot Info Script says the partitions all contain unknown filesystems. This suggests that either the partition table information is wrong or the filesystems have all been damaged by something -- improper use of low-level commands like dd, a malicious virus, a failing disk, etc.
Recovery might be possible, but will require considerable expertise. If the partition table is damaged, TestDisk might be able to recover the partitions, but I don't think that's the problem. If I'm right in this, your best bet is likely to be to wipe everything and recover it all from a backup. You do have a backup, right? If not, you might be able to pull your important files off the disk with PhotoRec or something similar, but you'll need a clean disk for recovery. The last I checked, PhotoRec did a poor job of recovering filenames, so you might end up spending a lot of time reviewing and renaming files. Some Windows-specific tools supposedly do a better job recovering filenames, but I have no specific pointers.
In case your disk is failing, you might want to run a SMART examination of the disk before you restore data to it. If the disk is physically failing, there's no point in trying to re-install to it, since you'll just hit problems right away.
