I know this subject was already treated, and I found a "fix" to bypass this black screen thanks to this answer (LUKS encyption part): My computer boots to a black screen, what options do I have to fix it?
So, if when the black screen appears, I just press Alt + ← and then Alt + → to switch my tty, I have now the password asking screen for the decryption.
It's cool, I can now boot ! But what can I do to fix this problem definitively ?
EDIT: THIS TRICK DOESN'T WORKS: When grub is loaded (it's not at each boot, sometimes that display directly the black screen), I can edit the grub entry via the 'e' key and add to the "linux..." line the "readon.modeset=0" command. With this, it works again and I can access the password asking screen.
So if you have a solution to fix this problem definitively, I'll happy to read it.
Thanks for your help
EDIT: I made a mistake: the workaround with grub doesn't work (modeset=0 or nomodeset), however I don't need to do Alt + → and alt + ← when i'm facing the black screen, a simple Left or Right are enough.