The answer to this is no, the closest things I thought of were the below 2 options.
- Create a virtual drive
- Create a ram disk
Creating a virtual drive
My first thought for this was to create a virtual drive and then boot from there. There is one major floor with this though and that's the fact that when you get to the partition screen, you will need to remove or at the very least resize the Windows partition and this will cause issues.
Creating a ram disk
My second though was a ram disk, the problem with this though is you will need to restart the computer in order to access the ram disk. This will mean that all the data from the ram disk will be erased and you won't be able to boot into it.
There are CD installers though, if you don't want to go for a DVD installation. There is the netboot install, but you will need to connect via a network cable to do that.
There is also a CD ISO download, but you will need 9 CDs in order to achieve that.