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Since the availability of Unity and GNOME Shell, I have noticed widespread confusion over whether the more "traditional" version of the GNOME desktop environment should be referred to as "GNOME Classic" or "GNOME Fallback" in 11.04, 11.10 and later.

What is the correct terminology to use? Also, does it differ by Ubuntu version?

Knowledge Cube
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2 Answers2

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The classic GNOME 2 interface present in Ubuntu up to 11.04 but not in later releases is just GNOME 2 (with the default shell). The name of the session type for this interface was Ubuntu Classic, and the name of the session type for Unity was (and still is) Ubuntu, but that shouldn't be confused with the name of the interface itself--Ubuntu is an operating system, after all, not an interface.

Nonetheless, since any mention of "GNOME shell" evokes the idea of GNOME 3, and since Unity is also a GNOME interface, it is helpful to be able to characterize the classic GNOME 2 interface as separate both from any GNOME 3 interface and from versions of the Unity interface that used GNOME 2. Thus it's become almost common to call it GNOME Classic.

We should avoid calling it that, because that's capitalized and thus a proper name, and yet that is not the official name for it. In my opinion, we should instead say "the classic GNOME 2 interface."

The practical reason why it is bad to call the classic GNOME 2 interface "GNOME Classic" is that GNOME Classic is the name of the session type in Ubuntu 11.10 (and future versions) that provides the GNOME Fallback interface. The GNOME Fallback interface is a GNOME 3 interface that is designed to look and behave a lot (though not entirely) like the classic GNOME 2 interface.

Here's a condensed list of some interfaces and the session types that provide them in Ubuntu 11.04 and Ubuntu 11.10:

  • The Unity interface (sometimes colloquially known as Unity 3D or 3D Unity, as it uses 3D graphics acceleration) is provided by the Ubuntu session type. The overarching desktop environment is GNOME 2 in Ubuntu 11.04 and earlier versions, and GNOME 3 starting with Ubuntu 11.10. The window manager has been compiz for a while. Install this with the ubuntu-desktop metapackage.
  • The Unity 2D interface is provided by the Ubuntu 2D session type. The overarching desktop environment is GNOME 2 in Ubuntu 11.04 and earlier versions (but unity-2d was only available by PPA back then), and GNOME 3 starting with Ubuntu 11.10. The window manager is metacity. Starting with Ubuntu 11.04, install this with the ubuntu-desktop metapackage.
  • The classic GNOME 2 interface was provided by the Ubuntu Classic and Ubuntu Classic (no effects) session types. The overarching desktop environment was GNOME 2. This could be installed by the ubuntu-desktop metapackage.
  • The GNOME Fallback interface (which is a GNOME 3 interface that looks like classic GNOME 2) is provided by the GNOME Classic and GNOME Classic (no effects) session types. The overarching desktop environment is GNOME 3. The window manager is metacity. Install this with the gnome-session-fallback package.
  • The GNOME 3 (or GNOME 3 Shell or GNOME Shell) interface is provided by the GNOME session type, starting in Ubuntu 11.10. (In significantly older versions of Ubuntu, the "GNOME" session type had once meant what the "Ubuntu Classic" session type means in Ubuntu 11.04.) The overarching desktop environment is GNOME 3. The window manager is mutter. Install this with the gnome-shell package.
  • The KDE 4 (or KDE 4 Plasma, or KDE 4 Plasma Workspaces, or just KDE) interface is provided by the Kubuntu session type. (Considerably over versions of Ubuntu had major version 3 of KDE instead.) The overarching desktop environment is KDE 4 (frequently just called KDE these days, as it came out some time ago). The window manager is kwin (available via the traditional kde-window-manager package and, as of Ubuntu 11.10, also available in kde-window-manager-gles). Install this with the kubuntu-desktop metapackage.
  • The Xfce 4 (or Xfce) interface is provided by the Xubuntu session type. The overarching desktop environment is Xfce 4 (also Xfce4 or just Xfce). The window manager is xfwm4. Install this with the xubuntu-desktop metapackage.
  • The LXDE interface is provided by the Lubuntu session type; it is also provided with a different configuration by the Lubuntu Netbook session type (this can arguably be considered a different interface). The overarching desktop environment is LXDE. The window manager is openbox. Install this with the lubuntu-desktop metapackage.
Eliah Kagan
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    GnomeShell uses mutter as window manager and not compiz. But a well-explained opinion :) – sagarchalise Nov 28 '11 at 09:04
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    @sagarchalise So it does! Fixed. Thanks! Btw, was mutter the window manager used for Unity prior to Ubuntu 11.04? (That rings a bell...) – Eliah Kagan Nov 28 '11 at 09:09
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    @EliahKagan Yes mutter was used in the now extinct Netbook Version with the first Unity. – Uri Herrera Nov 28 '11 at 15:05
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    And Unity 2D is based on Gnome? wasn't it QT? – Uri Herrera Nov 28 '11 at 15:08
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    @UriHerrera The Unity 2D interface (that is, the interface provided in the Ubuntu 2D session type) is a GNOME interface, yes. Unity 2D itself is written using the Qt toolkit, which is the same toolkit that underlies the KDE 4 interface and desktop environment. Qt4, like GTK+3, are toolkits, not interfaces or DE's. When you use Unity 2D as your interface, other parts of it are still certainly GNOME. The desktop and file browser are provided by Nautilus, for example. Similarly, Unity uses the Nux toolkit, but the overall interface wheh you use Unity is still GNOME. – Eliah Kagan Nov 28 '11 at 21:49
  • @UriHerrera Arguably it would be better not to use the terms "Unity" and "Unity 2D" to refer to interfaces, just as it would be better not to use the term "GNOME Shell" to refer to an interface. These are shells for GNOME, rather than interfaces. But that's not the way most people speak. I think it's already entrenched virtually 100% that "Unity" is considered an appropriate answer to "What interface do you use in Ubuntu?" – Eliah Kagan Nov 28 '11 at 21:51
  • @EliahKagan yeah i meant if Unity 2D was written in GTK and not QT but wouldn't let me edit it. of course everything else is Gnome, but i did mean Unity 2D as the UI only. – Uri Herrera Nov 28 '11 at 22:19
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    Under 12.04 Gnome Classic uses compiz and Gnome Classic (no effects) uses metacity - but you can enable metacity compositing effects in Gnome Classic (no effects) using gconf-editor. – Alistair Buxton May 20 '12 at 19:48
  • @EliahKagan: Would you mind adding gnome-flashback to this list? It's really confusing everything as well. Thanks! – user541686 Jul 04 '17 at 07:50
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gnome fallback(or flashback) is a gnome-panel interface,although gnome classic is gnome shell with a few extentions to make it more tradional.if you are looking forward to custumize your classic interface(especially the panel),you should have fallback but if you want it to stay the same use gnome classic.in gnome fallback the upperright corner is always "Applications Places"although in gnome classic it appends the focused app(Applications Places Files). i persnolly think fallback(now named flashback)is better,but you should try both

someuser
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