Recovering data from a non-booting HDD laptop hard drive

Question

I am trying to recover data from my HDD 500 GB Seagate Momentus 7200.2 internal hard drive i use in my Dell Studio XPS 1640 with Vista Home Premium.

Here are the things I have tried:

1. I tried rebooting; it always hangs on the page with the Green Microsoft loading bar screen and goes back to rebooting again and keeps repeating in a loop and never loads top the page where I log in. I tried booting with my original vista re-installation disk to repair Hard drive errors but no luck.

2. I did start-up repair, chkdsk c: /f /r (C is my active primary partition) , I did memory diagnostic test, I ran all system diagnostic tests, sfc /scannow, etc. Everytime I run checkdisk it takes extremely long like it will take days, so I end up using chkdsk C: /f /r /x which made the process faster. I always have bad sectors, and mostly unreadable indexes that are "being processed" which means repairing I guess.

3. I decided to order a cable 2.5" SATA hard drive to USB 3.0 , In that case i figured i wont need any power cable, (12V) as this is 2.5" HDD needs 5V whic can be supplied through USB. I was hoping it wont delete any data off my hard drive. I WAS ABLE TO get to my files in a crap laptop which always freezes, I plugged it in there and even though I was concerned about permission to access things as the HDD had a password on it, I was surprisingly able to get to every single file in it.

   UNTIL I went to library to move all files. It didn't let me get in that folder as I forgot I was not admin in library but just a guest account with no rights over any folder to move which can be controlled by admin, even though it was my own hdd. I was looking to move them off my HDD to move into a usb flash drive.

   So I came home and borrowed one of the laptops of my friend to be safe and i end up seeing my hard drive showing up but NO SIZE or name indicated, and when i click on it, it sees like RAW disk and saying please format to start using it. I have data in it and didn't wanna format it of course.

   My machine is out of warranty, and sick of hearing DELL telling me to go to technician because i was able to see those files but i can't even with the cable, i only able to connect it but not get to the files.

   I searched my warranty on Seagate but it is out of warranty too of course.

4. I came across one of these threads suggesting to use Ubuntu live CD and I immediately burnt Ubuntu 16.2 onto an 8GB usb flash drive with Rufus. I tried to see if my hard drive will show up but NO luck, my hard drive doesn't show up in computer inside Ubuntu at all.

I tried

sudo /bin/bash > to be root i guess, or admin
mkdir /media/disk
mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/sda3 /media/disk -o force 

As I know my HDD primary partition was NTFS. I got this:

The disk contains an unclean file system (0, 0).
The file system wasn't safely closed on Windows. Fixing.
ntfs_attr_pread_i: ntfs_pread failed: Input/output error
Failed to read NTFS $Bitmap: Input/output error
NTFS is either inconsistent, or there is a hardware fault, or it's a
SoftRAID/FakeRAID hardware. In the first case run chkdsk /f on Windows
then reboot into Windows twice. The usage of the /f parameter is very
important! If the device is a SoftRAID/FakeRAID then first activate
it and mount a different device under the /dev/mapper/ directory, (e.g.
/dev/mapper/nvidia_eahaabcc1). Please see the 'dmraid' documentation
for more details.

#fdisk -l 

(to see if my disk will show and it showed up)

I used gparted and scanned the every hard drive in my system and showed my internal hard drive. (I connected my non-booting HDD hard drive internally as it didn't show up at all through USB to SATA connection)

I am very curious how I am supposed to use gparted in terminal after I typed it and after i see my hard drives. Can I get to my files in it and mount the data into another USB flash drive to move my files off it?

The only problem I have in the list that shows my hard drive after gparted typed in terminal is, the actual hard drive that has my data in it HAS Input/Output Error (I/O Error) and it has a red exclamation sign next to it. And when I right click> Information, following shows up as

**Warning:** *Unable to read the contents of this file system!
Because of this some operations may be unavailable.
The cause might be a missing software package.
The following list of software packages is required for NTFS file system support: ntfs-3g / ntfsprogs.*

I don't have a second HDD to clone this Non-booting HDD but I do have a few new 128GB flash drives.