We use eduroam at the university where I work; I connect to it myself when our primary wifi is being awkward. If you've definitely removed the previous connections, try the following connection settings; this is lifted from our intranet so it's what we're telling students now:
Wireless Security: WPA & WPA2 Enterprise
Authentication: Protected EAP (PEAP)
Anonymous Identity: <leave blank>
CA Certificate: <see below>
PEAP version: Automatic
Inner authentication: MSCHAPv2
Username: <your full university username e.g. usercode@someuni.ac.uk>
Password: <your university password>
Under the CA Certificate field, select the folder Icon and navigate to the location of your certificate store.
In Ubuntu (and Linux Mint) this is located in /etc/ssl/certs
Select the QuoVadis_Root_CA_2.pem
certificate.
Additionally, try waiting a little while for the password change to propagate, try your old password in case it didn't change properly (changing your password again can sometimes force these things to sync if they failed) and also see if you can connect using another device like your mobile phone, then you'll have a better idea of whether it's really your laptop or the credentials you're using.
Edit: As I've just found out, eduroam is not UK specific so my confidence in these settings being consistent across establishments is now somewhat diminished.