I have only ever used Virtualbox on Windows but assume that it works in a similar way.
When you create your vdi in the first instance it asks what size it should be, defaulting to 8GB iirc. This is the maximum size that the vdi will expand to. You are choosing whether to just block out the 8GB from the start or whether to expand to 8GB as you need it.
If you fill up that space then you will need to expand it.
Again, I have only ever done this on Windows but a quick search shows up a bunch of answers...may be this could be of help to you (even if it is a bit old)?
How do I increase the hard disk size of the virtual machine?
EDIT
Sorry, just re-read that it is a Windows host, try this instead.
http://derekmolloy.ie/resize-a-virtualbox-disk/