SysRq REISUB
Responding to your edited original question: I suggest the 'SysRq REISUB' method. This is a way to reboot linux systems gracefully, that often works to keep the file system healthy (in contrast to hard poweroff).
SysRq is often on the PrintScreen key:
Press Alt + PrintScreen continuously, sometimes the Fn key is involved too (in laptops),
and then slowly (one key after another) the keys R E I S U B to reboot.
When you press the 'letter keys' you need not specify caps lock or shift.
The corresponding sequence to shut down the computer gracefully is:
Press Alt + PrintScreen continuously, sometimes the Fn key is involved too (in laptops),
and then slowly (one key after another) the keys R E I S U O to shut down.
B 'Boot' is replaced by O 'Off'.
You find more details at the following links,
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_SysRq_key
How to call up high priority responsive terminal window, even if Xubuntu is hopelessly frozen
Edit: The key combo is a bit tricky on some computers. On several Dell laptops, for example Dell Precision M4800, the following works
- Press/hold both Fn and Alt
- Press/hold Home/Sysrq
- Release Fn
- Press key sequence for example R E I S U B
sudo
— justshutdown -r now
will work. (The-r
flag means restart, andnow
specifies the time.) Depending on which desktop environment you use (Unity, GNOME, XFCE?) you can specify a custom hotkey, for this command. – aplaice Jan 12 '18 at 19:15