Package Cache File corrupted

Question

From advice on Ubuntu repository does not have a Release file , I've opened a new question about the same issue, as it turned out my problem was not the one described in the question, information I did not know at the time. I'm running Ubuntu 16.04.

$ sudo apt-get update 
Hit:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease
Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates InRelease [102 kB]
Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports InRelease [102 kB]
Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security InRelease [102 kB]
Get:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [307 kB]
Get:6 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main DEP-11 64x64 Icons [226 kB]
Get:7 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [185 kB]
Get:8 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe DEP-11 64x64 Icons [268 kB]
Get:9 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/multiverse amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [5,888 B]
Get:10 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [3,324 B]
Get:11 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [4,712 B]
Get:12 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [62.7 kB]
Get:13 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main DEP-11 64x64 Icons [71.2 kB]
Get:14 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [51.3 kB]
Get:15 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/universe DEP-11 64x64 Icons [85.1 kB]
Fetched 1,578 kB in 1s (1,529 kB/s)                                    
Reading package lists... Error!
E: Read error - read (5: Input/output error)
W: You may want to run apt-get update to correct these problems
E: The package cache file is corrupted

If there's any more information you need, don't hesitate to ask in the comments.

Edit 1:

$ sudo df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev            5.9G     0  5.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs           1.2G  9.4M  1.2G   1% /run
/dev/sda1       135G  7.2G  121G   6% /
tmpfs           5.9G   14M  5.9G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs           5.0M  4.0K  5.0M   1% /run/lock
tmpfs           5.9G     0  5.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs           1.2G   88K  1.2G   1% /run/user/1000
/dev/sdb1       932G  300G  633G  33% /media/adoria298/MDrive1

Edit 2 SMART Test results:

SMART Test Results 1

SMART Test Results 2

otherwise the system is fine, enough space on /, /var and so on ? — Robert Riedl, Jan 20 '18 at 17:52
okay, still, better make sure - could you add the output of sudo df -h please ? — Robert Riedl, Jan 20 '18 at 18:16
Thanks, that looks fine. I'm stumped.. Did you remove the whole directory /var/lib/apt/lists ? It seems apt cannot write the package information... — Robert Riedl, Jan 20 '18 at 18:35
Input/output error indicates there's a problem with your disk. Try opening the Disks application, opening the hamburger menu (☰) in the upper right, and doing an extended SMART test. — Chai T. Rex, Jan 20 '18 at 18:39
SMART test failed. Yes, I can write files to my disk, as I've been working with netbeans since before this error, and all my files are saved on my main drive. — Adoria298, Jan 20 '18 at 19:27
Smart test failed ? That sounds like you should do a backup immediately, if you haven't done already ! Can you post the output of the SMART test? — Robert Riedl, Jan 20 '18 at 20:59
According to this you have a lot of "Uncorrectable Errors", namely 1.967.467 - HW recommendation is out-of-scop here, but it looks to me like you need a new HDD — Robert Riedl, Jan 20 '18 at 21:55
I've posted my comments as answer, if you don't mind. Would be great if you could get back to this and tell us if the new HDD fixed the issue. — Robert Riedl, Jan 20 '18 at 22:05

score 1 · Answer 1 · answered Jan 20 '18 at 22:04

According to the SMART test you have a lot of "Uncorrectable Errors", namely 1 967 467, as well as other high values in "Reallocated Sector Count", "Seek"-Errors and so on.... - HW recommendation is out-of-scope here, but it looks to me like you need a new HDD

Package Cache File corrupted

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