< Latin IV
Latin IV/Imperfect Subjunctive
Salvēte omnēs! Welcome back to Latin for Wikiversity. Today we'll learn how to form the imperfect subjunctive - a key part of expressing wishes about the past and contrary-to-fact situations.
New Grammar
The imperfect subjunctive has a very regular formation pattern. You start with the present infinitive of the verb and add these endings:
| Person | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| 1st | -m | -mus |
| 2nd | -s | -tis |
| 3rd | -t | -nt |
For example, with amāre (to love):
| Person | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| 1st | amārem | amārēmus |
| 2nd | amārēs | amārētis |
| 3rd | amāret | amārent |
New Words
| Latin | English | Audio (Classical) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| utinam | if only, would that | Used with subjunctive for wishes | |
| sī | if |
New Sentences
| Latin | English | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Utinam tē amārem! | If only I loved you! | Contrary-to-fact wish |
| Utinam mē amārēs! | If only you loved me! | Contrary-to-fact wish |
| Sī tē vidērem! | If I could see you! | Simple condition |
| Sī mē vidērēs! | If you could see me! | Simple condition |
| Utinam ad scholam dūcerem! | If only I were leading to school! | Contrary-to-fact wish |
| Utinam verba audīrem! | If only I could hear the words! | Contrary-to-fact wish |
| Sī linguam Latīnam audīrēmus! | If we could hear the Latin language! | Simple condition |
Practice
| Practice and learn the words and phrases in this lesson | |
|---|---|
| Step one | First learn the words using this lesson: |
| Step two | Next try learning and writing the sentences using this: |
| Note that the Memrise stage covers the content for all lessons in each stage. If you are skipping previous stages you may need to manually "ignore" the words in previous levels (use the 'select all' function) | |
In our next lesson, we'll learn more ways to use these forms in wishes and conditions. Until then, valēte!
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