< Latin IV
Latin IV/Present subjunctive irregular verbs
Salvēte omnēs! Welcome back to Latin for Wikiversity. In our last lesson, we learned how to form the present subjunctive. Today we'll learn some special irregular verbs in the subjunctive and how to use them for wishes and requests.
New Grammar
First, here are the present subjunctive forms of "sum" (to be):
| Person | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| 1st | sim | sīmus |
| 2nd | sīs | sītis |
| 3rd | sit | sint |
Two other important irregular verbs follow similar patterns:
| Verb | 1st sg | 2nd sg | 3rd sg | 1st pl | 2nd pl | 3rd pl |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| possum | possim | possīs | possit | possīmus | possītis | possint |
| volō | velim | velīs | velit | velīmus | velītis | velint |
We use these forms in two ways: 1. By themselves for simple wishes:
- "Fēlīx sim!" = "May I be happy!"
2. With "utinam" for stronger wishes:
- "Utinam fēlīx sim!" = "If only I were happy!"
New Sentences
| Latin | English | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Fēlīx sim! | May I be happy! | Simple wish with sim |
| Laetus sīs! | May you be glad! | Simple wish with sīs |
| Pater domī sit! | May father be at home! | Simple wish with sit |
| Bonī sīmus! | Let us be good! | Simple group wish |
| Fortēs sint! | May they be brave! | Simple wish for others |
| Possim vidēre! | May I be able to see! | Simple ability wish |
| Possīs intellegere! | May you be able to understand! | Simple ability wish |
| Velim scīre! | I would like to know! | Simple want |
| Utinam sim fortis! | If only I were brave! | Utinam wish |
| Utinam sīs fēlīx! | If only you were happy! | Utinam wish |
| Utinam pater domī sit! | If only father were at home! | Utinam with 3rd person |
| Utinam possīmus cantāre! | If only we could sing! | Complex wish with infinitive |
| Velim tē adesse! | I wish you were here! | Complex want with infinitive |
| Utinam omnēs līberī sint! | If only all were free! | Complex group wish |
Practice
| Practice and learn the words and phrases in this lesson | |
|---|---|
| Step one | First learn the words using this lesson: |
| Step two | Next try learning and writing the sentences using this: |
| Note that the Memrise stage covers the content for all lessons in each stage. If you are skipping previous stages you may need to manually "ignore" the words in previous levels (use the 'select all' function) | |
For the next lesson, we'll learn more ways to use these subjunctive forms. Until then, utinam fēlīcēs sītis! (May you all be happy!)
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